Volume II: Law, Policy, and Ecological Justice

The Prophetic Hadith of Balance in Worship in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī: Toward a Maqāṣid-Based Formulation of Ḥuqūq al-Uṣrah (Family Rights)

  • U. Saifuddin UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, Indonesia
  • Mohamad Anton Athoillah UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, Indonesia
  • Agus Suyadi Raharusun UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, Indonesia
  • Reza Pahlevi Dalimunthe UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, Indonesia

Keywords

ḥuqūq al-uṣrah (family rights), hadith of balance in worship, Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, fiqh al-muwāzanah.

Abstract

This article addresses a gap in hadith scholarship, which has largely confined two foundational narrations in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī—the Prophet’s rebuke to ‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Amr and his affirmation of Salmān al- Fārisī’s intervention with Abū al-Dardā’—to the domain of individual devotional ethics (ādāb al-‘ibādah) or warnings against religious extremism. Using thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006) and an integrated theoretical framework of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, fiqh al-muwāzanah, and Jasser Auda’s systems approach, the study demonstrates that these hadiths contain a coherent normative theory for family rights (ḥuqūq al-usrah). The findings answer three research questions: (1) the rights of the body, eyes, spouse, and guest form an integrated, non-hierarchical ecosystem; (2) Salmān’s graduated intervention (eat, sleep, then pray) operationalizes fiqh al- muwāzanah as a practical domestic methodology endorsed by the Prophet; and (3) four principles emerge for a maqāṣid-based formulation of family rights—integration of family rights into the ecosystem of rights, priority of human rights (ḥuqūq al-‘ibād) in expressing divine rights (ḥuqūq Allāh), obligation of graduated intervention, and conceptualizing the family as an independent maqṣad. The article concludes that fulfilling family rights is not a secondary constraint on worship but a co-equal divine obligation. Practical implications for family counseling, religious leadership, and Islamic legal reform are discussed.

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