Volume II: Law, Policy, and Ecological Justice

The Aceh Syar’iyah Court as a Constitutional Precedent: Reimagining the Integration of Family and Islamic Criminal Jurisdiction in Indonesia

  • Adzanah Mariska Salsabila UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, Indonesia
  • Zaky Anggara UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, Indonesia
  • Desi Kirana UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, Indonesia

Keywords

Aceh Syar’iyah Court, Islamic Criminal Law, Islamic Family Law, Islamic Judicial System, Jurisdiction of Religious Courts.

Abstract

This study aims to analyse the conceptual legitimacy of the fragmentation of jurisdiction between the Religious Courts and the District Courts in cases where family law and criminal law intersect, and to formulate a model for the integration of jurisdiction by using the experience of the Aceh Syar’iyah Court as an institutional reference. This study employs a normative legal methodology through legislative, conceptual and comparative approaches to examine the constitutional and doctrinal basis for the unification of judicial jurisdiction. The research findings indicate that the fragmentation of family–criminal jurisdiction lacks an adequate conceptual foundation within the dominant framework of classical fiqh; rather, it is a product of colonial legal policy that has perpetuated institutional separation within the Indonesian judicial system. Conversely, the experience of the Aceh Syar’iyah Court demonstrates that the integration of jurisdiction over family and jināyah law can be implemented constitutionally whilst still guaranteeing due process of law, thereby resulting in a more coherent and comprehensive resolution of cases. Based on these findings, this study develops a model for the integration of jurisdiction through the limited extension of the Religious Courts’ absolute jurisdiction over family-based offences and family-disruptive offences by applying a bifurcated evidentiary regime, a mechanism that maintains the distinction between the standards of proof for civil and criminal cases within a single integrated judicial forum. This study concludes that jurisdictional dualism is not an inevitability of the judicial system, but rather an institutional construct that can be reconfigured through a more integrated design of competences. The contribution of this research lies in the development of a new conceptual framework regarding the integration of judicial competences based on Islamic law, which bridges the dichotomy between family and criminal jurisdictions, whilst offering a normative basis for the reform of the Religious Courts’ powers within the national judicial system.

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