Volume III: Education and Ecological Literacy

Implementation of Management Functions in Strengthening Students’ Independent Character in Pesantren-Based Vocational High Schools

  • Fathurrahman UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, Indonesia
  • Ahmad Sarbini UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, Indonesia
  • Qiqi Yuliati Zaqiah UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, Indonesia
  • Yuyun Yulianingsih UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, Indonesia

Keywords

management functions, independent character, religious habituation, pesantren-based vocational school, character education, vocational education.

Abstract

Pesantren-based vocational high schools have a strategic role in developing graduates who possess vocational competence, religious values, and independent character. However, character-strengthening programmes are often implemented as routine or fragmented activities without systematic management. This study aims to analyze the implementation of management functions in strengthening students’ independent character in pesantren-based vocational high schools. The study employed a qualitative library research approach by reviewing relevant journal articles, academic books, research reports, and educational policy documents. Data were analyzed through qualitative content analysis, thematic analysis, thematic synthesis, and comparative conceptual analysis. The findings identify five interconnected management functions: planning, organizing, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation with continuous follow-up. Planning establishes character objectives, indicators, programmes, schedules, and resources. Organizing coordinates the participation of school leaders, teachers, pesantren supervisors, parents, students, and industry partners. Implementation translates institutional values into religious habituation, role modelling, vocational learning, student responsibilities, and reflective activities. Monitoring and evaluation provide evidence of students’ progress and programme effectiveness. The study also finds that religious habituation does not automatically produce independent character unless it is connected with awareness, responsibility, self-discipline, initiative, self-regulation, confidence, and problem- solving. The integration of management functions, pesantren values, vocational learning, family participation, and school culture can gradually transform externally controlled compliance into internally regulated responsibility. The study concludes that systematic and continuous management is essential for developing graduates who are technically competent, religiously grounded, professionally responsible, and independently capable of managing their academic, social, digital, and workplace responsibilities.

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