Volume III: Education and Ecological Literacy

Integrating the ARCS Motivational Model into Arabic Pedagogy: Synergizing Islamic Values and Western Educational Psychology for Digital Learning Resilience

  • Dadan Mardani IAI AL-AZIS, Indramayu, Indonesia
  • Abdul Kodir UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, Indonesia
  • Asep Supianudin UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, Indonesia
  • Ade Nandang UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, Indonesia

Keywords

Arabic pedagogy; ARCS model; Islamic values; digital learning resilience; ecotheological literacy; LSTEAMS.


Abstract

This study proposes an integrative instructional framework for Arabic language pedagogy by synthesizing Keller’s ARCS motivational model with Islamic educational values and Malay-Islamic ecotheological awareness. It responds to the growing problem of student disengagement and declining motivation in technology-mediated Arabic learning, particularly in Islamic higher education contexts where digital transformation often emphasizes technical efficiency while neglecting spiritual, cultural, and ecological dimensions. Using a qualitative conceptual review, this study analyzes and synthesizes literature on ARCS-based motivation, digital learning resilience, Arabic pedagogy, Islamic values, and ecotheology. The analysis reconstructs the four ARCS dimensions through an Islamic epistemological lens: Attention is strengthened through reflective engagement with ayat kauniyah; Relevance is deepened through the concepts of khalifah and amanah; Confidence is supported through digital scaffolding grounded in husnuzzan; and Satisfaction is redefined through niyyah, ridha, and empathetic instructor presence. The findings indicate that integrating ARCS with Islamic values can transform Arabic learning from a merely linguistic and technological activity into a spiritually meaningful, ecologically responsive, and resilience-oriented pedagogical process. This framework offers practical implications for curriculum designers and Arabic lecturers in developing hybrid or digital learning modules aligned with Outcome-Based Education and LSTEAMS principles. The originality of this study lies in its effort to bridge Western motivational psychology and Islamic epistemology to cultivate digital resilience, moral responsibility, and ecotheological literacy in Arabic language education.


References

  1. Abdel-Malek, M. (2023). Arabic Genre Pedagogy: Teaching, Learning, and Assessing in Context. Routledge.
  2. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003193265
  3. Abdul-Jabbar, W. K. (2022). Medieval Muslim Philosophers and Intercultural Communication: Towards a
  4. Dialogical Paradigm in Education. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780367854133
  5. Abdul-Jabbar, W. K., & Makki, Y. (2024). Integrating Intercultural Philosophy into the High School Curriculum:
  6. Toward a Deliberative Pedagogy of Tadabbur in Diasporic Muslim Education. Religions, 15(2), 189.
  7. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15020189
  8. Abouzeid, M. S. (2025). The Holy Qur’an as a Gateway to Mastering Academic Arabic: An Instructional
  9. Framework for Malay-Speaking University Students. Global Journal Al-Thaqafah, 15(2), 371–386.
  10. https://doi.org/10.7187/GJAT122025-19
  11. Abulibdeh, A., Zaidan, E., & Abulibdeh, R. (2024). Navigating the confluence of artificial intelligence and
  12. education for sustainable development in the era of industry 4.0: Challenges, opportunities, and ethical
  13. dimensions. Journal of Cleaner Production, 437, 140527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.140527
  14. Akmalia, F., & Faizin, K. (2026). Instructional strategies in multilingual classrooms: Supporting early Arabic
  15. literacy development among LX users in Indonesia. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development,
  16. 0(0), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2026.2617960
  17. Al-Amri, S., Hamid, S., Noor, N. F. M., & Gani, A. (2023). UTILIZATION OF MOBILE AUGMENTED
  18. REALITY IN A COURSE CONTENT: AN IMPACT STUDY. Malaysian Journal of Computer Science,
  19. 36(1), 79–98. https://doi.org/10.22452/mjcs.vol36no1.5
  20. Alazmi, A. A., & Bush, T. (2024). An Islamic-oriented educational leadership model: Towards a new theory of
  21. school leadership in Muslim societies. Journal of Educational Administration and History, 56(3), 312–334.
  22. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220620.2023.2292573
  23. Alfraih, S. S. (2025). Psychological Well-Being in the Age of Connectivity: Examining the Influence of Social
  24. Media and Digital Interaction. In A. M. A. Musleh Al-Sartawi, A. I. Nour, & I. Abdeljawad (Eds.), Business
  25. Resilience and Business Innovation for Sustainability: The Double-Edged Role of Artificial Intelligence and
  26. Other Disruptive Technologies (pp. 2423–2436). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-
  27. 3-031-87584-7_177
  28. Almalahmeh, M. S. I. (2026). Instructor Presence and Feedback in Digital Arabic Learning: Effects on Student
  29. Satisfaction. In I. Younes Ibrahim Yamin & S. Reyad (Eds.), AI-driven Sustainable Innovation and
  30. Sustained Competitive Advantage (pp. 181–196). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-
  31. 3-032-15459-0_11
  32. Amalia, E. R., M, D. B. I., Khoiriyati, S., Ummah, N., Oviani, M., Kusumawardhani, J., & Umayyah, U. (2024).
  33. Bridging Educational Reform and Faith: Evaluating Kurikulum Merdeka’s Compatibility with Islamic
  34. Values in Madrasahs. Munaddhomah: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 5(4), 483–500.
  35. https://doi.org/10.31538/munaddhomah.v5i4.1413
  36. Arizona, K., Rokhmat, J., Ramdani, A., Gunawan, G., & Sukarso, A. (2025). Integrating Islamic Values and Local
  37. Wisdom into Science Education: Enhancing Character Development in Higher Education. Ulumuna, 29(1),
  38. 398–428. https://doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v29i1.1308
  39. As’ad, M., & Hakim, L. (2022). Nurturing Life Skill Education in an Environment-Based Pesantren. Jurnal
  40. Pendidikan Islam, 8(1), 15–24. https://doi.org/10.15575/jpi.v8i1.18253
  41. Asadi, I., & Asli-Badarneh, A. (2026). Diglossia and Orthographic Complexity as Multiplicative but not Additive
  42. Challenges in Arabic: A Critical Review. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 55(3), 37.
  43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10936-026-10214-3
  44. Awad, J. A. R., & Martín-Rojas, R. (2024). Digital transformation influence on organisational resilience through
  45. organisational learning and innovation. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 13(1), 69.
  46. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-024-00405-4
  47. Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2),
  48. 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  49. Chande, A. (2023). Global Politics of Knowledge Production: The Challenges of Islamization of Knowledge in
  50. The Light of Tradition Vs Secular Modernity Debate. Nazhruna: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 6(2), 271–289.
  51. https://doi.org/10.31538/nzh.v6i2.3502
  52. Daud, W. A. A. W., Teck, W. K., Ghani, M. T. A., & Ramli, S. (2020). M-Learning Boost Students’ Motivation
  53. in Learning Arabic Language Proficiency for Elementary Level. Universal Journal of Educational
  54. Research, 8(10), 4384–4392. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.081004
  55. Dohale, V., Akarte, M., Gunasekaran, A., & Verma, P. (2024). Exploring the role of artificial intelligence in
  56. building production resilience: Learnings from the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of
  57. Production Research, 62(15), 5472–5488. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2022.2127961
  58. Efendi, N., & Sholeh, M. I. (2023). Manajemen pendidikan dalam meningkatkan mutu pembelajaran.
  59. Academicus: Journal of Teaching and Learning, 2(2), 68–85.
  60. Eri, R., Gudimetla, P., Star, S., Rowlands, J., Girgla, A., To, L., Li, F., Sochea, N., & Bindal, U. (2021). Digital
  61. Resilience in Higher Education in Response to COVID-19 Pandemic: Student Perceptions from Asia and
  62. Australia. Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice , 18.
  63. https://www.proquest.com/docview/2859217153?sourcetype=ScholarlyJournals
  64. Fitriyah, F. K., Hidayah, N., Muslihati, M., Hambali, I., & Ibad, M. (2021). The Role of Demographic
  65. Characteristics and Spiritual Dimensions in Predicting Empathy: A Study in Muslim Pre-Service Teachers.
  66. Islamic Guidance and Counseling Journal, 4(2), 158–168. https://doi.org/10.25217/igcj.v4i2.1553
  67. Gao, Y., Wang, X., & Reynolds, B. L. (2025). The Mediating Roles of Resilience and Flow in Linking Basic
  68. Psychological Needs to Tertiary EFL Learners’ Engagement in the Informal Digital Learning of English: A
  69. Mixed-Methods Study. Behavioral Sciences, 15(1), 85. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15010085
  70. Hanifah, U., Adam, Z. B., Faizin, M., Jannah, I. M., & Hanafi, Y. (2024). Accelerating the digitalisation of
  71. learning post-COVID-19 era to improve the pedagogical competence of pre-service Arabic teachers. Cogent
  72. Education, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2024.2413241
  73. Harden, R. M. (2001). AMEE Guide No. 21: Curriculum mapping: a tool for transparent and authentic teaching
  74. and learning. Medical Teacher, 23(2), 123–137. https://doi.org/10.1080/01421590120036547
  75. Huda, M., Musolin, M. H., Serour, R. O. H., Azman, M., Yauri, A. M., Bakar, A., Zuhri, M., Mujahidin, &
  76. Hasanah, U. (2024). Digital Record Management in Islamic Education Institution: Current Trends on
  77. Enhancing Process and Effectiveness Through Learning Technology. In R. Silhavy & P. Silhavy (Eds.),
  78. Software Engineering Methods in Systems and Network Systems (pp. 316–333). Springer International
  79. Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-53549-9_33
  80. Jesson, J., Matheson, L., & Lacey, F. M. (2011). Doing Your Literature Review: Traditional and Systematic
  81. Techniques. SAGE.
  82. Jumhana, N., Mufrodi, & Fahmi, T. (2025). Teachers’ Understanding and Practice of the Genre-Based Approach
  83. in Arabic Instruction at Indonesian Madrasahs. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 11(2), 331–342.
  84. https://doi.org/10.15575/jpi.v11i2.44666
  85. Kamal, H. (2025). Teaching Arabic Today: Challenges, Strategies, and Opportunities in Islamic Higher Education. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 24(10).
  86. https://ijlter.org/index.php/ijlter/article/view/14614
  87. Karampa, V., & Paraskeva, F. (2024). Digital Educational Escape Rooms as E-courses Using D-EER4SmL:
  88. Investigation of Motivational Affordances. European Conference on Games Based Learning, 18(1), 480–
  89. 489. https://doi.org/10.34190/ecgbl.18.1.2697
  90. Kasperski, R., Porat, E., & Blau, I. (2023). Analysis of emergency remote teaching in formal education:
  91. Crosschecking three contemporary techno-pedagogical frameworks. Research in Learning Technology, 31.
  92. https://doi.org/10.25304/rlt.v31.2982
  93. Keller, J. M. (1987). Development and use of the ARCS model of instructional design. Journal of Instructional
  94. Development, 10(3), 2–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02905780
  95. Lee, A. Y., & Hancock, J. T. (2023). Developing digital resilience: An educational intervention improves
  96. elementary students’ response to digital challenges. Computers and Education Open, 5, 100144.
  97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2023.100144
  98. Lin, H.-C., & Hsu, W. (2026). A VR-Enhanced Teaching Model for Classical Chinese Based on the ARCS
  99. Motivational Framework. In B. K. Smith, M. Borge, R. A. Sottilare, & J. Schwarz (Eds.), HCI International
  100. 2025 – Late Breaking Papers (pp. 54–64). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-
  101. 13174-4_4
  102. Ma`arif, M. A., Rofiq, M. H., Kausar, S., Sirojuddin, A., Kartiko, A., & Hasan, M. S. (2024). Shaping Students’
  103. Moderate Islamic Character at Madrasah. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 10(2), 323–335.
  104. https://doi.org/10.15575/jpi.v10i2.34029
  105. Memon, N. A., Chown, D., & Alkouatli, C. (2021). Descriptions and enactments of Islamic pedagogy: Reflections
  106. of alumni from an Islamic Teacher Education Programme. Pedagogy, Culture & Society, 29(4), 631–649.
  107. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681366.2020.1775687
  108. Millie, J. (2025). “Talaqqi” in the age of bureaucracy; Symbiosis of pedagogical cultures in West Javanese
  109. “pesantren.” Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia, 26(2). https://doi.org/10.17510/wacana.v26i2.1799
  110. Mustofa, M. L., Zenrif, M. F., & Barizi, A. (2026). (PDF) Towards an Islamic Ecotheology: Indonesian Muslim
  111. Organizations in Climate Mitigation and Adaptation Efforts. ResearchGate.
  112. https://doi.org/10.35784/preko.7089
  113. Muthoifin, M., & Elbanna, M. (2026). Arabic Language Learning in Religious Contexts: Challenges and
  114. Opportunities. International Journal of Society, Culture & Language, 14(1), 95–113.
  115. https://doi.org/10.22034/ijscl.2025.2076763.4249
  116. Novak, J. D., & Cañas, A. J. (2008). The Theory Underlying Concept Maps and How to Construct and Use Them.
  117. Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, 36.
  118. Pan, Q., Lan, M., Tan, C. Y., Tao, S., Liang, Q., & Law, N. (2024). Protective factors contributing to adolescents’
  119. multifaceted digital resilience for their wellbeing: A socio-ecological perspective. Computers in Human
  120. Behavior, 155, 108164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2024.108164
  121. Park, J., Son, Y., & Angst, C. M. (2023). The Value of Centralized IT in Building Resilience During Crises:
  122. Evidence from U.S. Higher Education’s Transition to Emergency Remote Teaching1. MIS Quarterly, 47(1),
  123. 451–482. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.25300/MISQ/2022/17265
  124. Permadi, B. A., Hassan Sain, Z., University, C., & Alai, A. (2025). Development of Comic-based Akidah Akhlak
  125. Teaching Materials on Praiseworthy Morals in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. Attadrib: Jurnal Pendidikan Guru
  126. Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, 8(2), 384–396. https://doi.org/10.54069/attadrib.v8i2.868
  127. R’boul, H. (2021). Alternative theorizing of multicultural education: An Islamic perspective on interculturality
  128. and social justice. Journal for Multicultural Education, 15(2), 213–224. https://doi.org/10.1108/JME-07-
  129. 2020-0073
  130. Riouch, A., & Benamar, S. (2025). Systematic Review of Environmental Education in Morocco: Policies,
  131. Practices, and Post-Pandemic Challenges in the Context of the Sustainable Development Goals.
  132. Sustainability, 17(21), 9494. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17219494
  133. Sabtan, Y. M. N., Omar, A., & Hamouda, W. I. (2023). Exploring the Role of Machine Translation in Translating
  134. English Collocations into Arabic: Insights from Student Translators. World Journal of English Language,
  135. 14(2), 74. https://doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v14n2p74
  136. Sapawi, M. S. M., & Yusoff, N. M. R. N. (2025). Integrating technology into the Arabic language curriculum: A
  137. systematic review of trends, strategies and cultural dimensions. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 12,
  138. 101974. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2025.101974
  139. Sauri, S., Gunara, S., & Cipta, F. (2022). Establishing the identity of insan kamil generation through music
  140. learning activities in pesantren. Heliyon, 8(7). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09958
  141. Sdravopoulou, K., Muñoz González, J. M., & Hidalgo-Ariza, M. D. (2021). Assessment of a Location-Based Mobile Augmented-Reality Game by Adult Users with the ARCS Model. Applied Sciences, 11(14), 6448.
  142. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11146448
  143. Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business
  144. Research, 104, 333–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039
  145. Solimando, C. (2025). CMC Practice in Teaching Arabic as Foreign Language. Rivista Degli Studi Orientali :
  146. XCVIII, 4, 2025, 157–166. https://doi.org/10.19272/202503804017
  147. Speidl, B. (2025). Emergence of a Shīʿī Islamic Environmental Paradigm: Legal and Ethical Considerations.
  148. Journal of Islamic Ethics, 1–33. https://doi.org/10.1163/24685542-20250003
  149. Sun, H., Yuan, C., Qian, Q., He, S., & Luo, Q. (2022). Digital Resilience Among Individuals in School Education
  150. Settings: A Concept Analysis Based on a Scoping Review. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13.
  151. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.858515
  152. Syamsir, S., Saputra, N., & Mulia, R. A. (2025). Leadership agility in a VUCA world: A systematic review,
  153. conceptual insights, and research directions. Cogent Business & Management, 12(1), 2482022.
  154. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2025.2482022
  155. Syarif. (2021). Understanding the Teaching of Religious Moderation from a Sufistic Perspective and Its
  156. Implications for Student Performance. Journal of Social Studies Education Research, 12(4), 320–343.
  157. Syarif, S. (2020). Building plurality and unity for various religions in the digital era: Establishing Islamic values
  158. for Indonesian students. Journal of Social Studies Education Research, 11(2), 111–119.
  159. Syukur, F., Maghfurin, A., Marhamah, U., & Jehwae, P. (2024). Integration of Artificial Intelligence in Islamic
  160. Higher Education: Comparative Responses between Indonesia and Thailand. Nazhruna: Jurnal Pendidikan
  161. Islam, 7(3), 531–553. https://doi.org/10.31538/nzh.v7i3.13
  162. Taufik, A. (2020). Strategi Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Berbasis Internet. Edification Journal: Pendidikan Agama
  163. Islam, 3(1), 57–72. https://doi.org/https://www.jurnal.staibsllg.ac.id/index.php/ej/article/view/208
  164. Taufiqurrochman, R. (2025). Linking environmental education and Arabic language teaching: Curriculum
  165. analysis of madrasa and pesantren in Indonesia. Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae, 23(2), 73–83.
  166. Torraco, R. J. (2005). Writing Integrative Literature Reviews: Guidelines and Examples. Human Resource
  167. Development Review, 4(3), 356–367. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484305278283
  168. Uchiyama, K. P., & Radin, J. L. (2009). Curriculum Mapping in Higher Education: A Vehicle for Collaboration.
  169. Innovative Higher Education, 33(4), 271–280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10755-008-9078-8
  170. Volpentesta, T., Spahiu, E., & De Giovanni, P. (2023). A survey on incumbent digital transformation: A
  171. paradoxical perspective and research agenda. European Journal of Innovation Management, 26(7), 478–
  172. 501. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-01-2023-0081
  173. Whittemore, R., & Knafl, K. (2005). The integrative review: Updated methodology. Journal of Advanced Nursing,
  174. 52(5), 546–553. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005.03621.x
  175. Zabidi, F. N. M., Abd Rahman, N., & Halim, L. (2021). Integration of Islamic Values for Environmental
  176. Conservation: An Analysis of School Textbooks. Religions, 12(7), 509. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12070509
Scroll to Top